GRAMATICKE OKRUHY 1 - 5
Okruh č. 1:
Present Simple / Continuous. Past Simple / Continuous.
1. I need / am needing to speak to Neil. He isn’t in his office.
2. He talks / is talking to the boss at the moment.
3. I think / am thinking they discuss / are discussing money right now.
4. You always lose / are always losing your keys!! Be more careful!
5. Every time I drive / am driving along here, I go the wrong way.
6. I’m afraid I have no time to help just now. I write / am writing a report.
7. Usually I drive / am driving to work.
8. Water boils / is boiling at 100 degree Celcius.
9. When he carried / was carrying a suitcase, he dropped / was dropping it on his foot.
10. He broke / was breaking his leg when he skied / was skiing.
11. I watched / was watching a documentary on TV when suddenly we lost / were losing all the power.
12. I came / was coming down the stairs when the lights went out / were going out.
13. Yesterday at 5 pm I sat / was sitting in a train.
14. My brother cut / was cutting the grass while I watered / was watering flower beds.
15. Mother made / was making dinner at the time. First she peeled / was peeling the potatoes and then she sliced / was slicing the meat.
Okruh č. 2
Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Simple
a) The match started / has started. United are playing well.
b) I phoned / have phoned the office at eleven to speak to the manager, but he isn’t here today.
c) The runner Amos Temila broke / has broken the world record for the 1500 metres in Frankfurt. Then two days later in Helsinki, Lee Williams ran it in an even faster time.
d) Last month prices went up / have gone up, but this month they fell / have fallen a little.
e) Oh, how awful! When did it happen / has it happened?
f) „I feel really tired.“ – „That’s because you’ve worked / you’ve been working too much.
g) These are my football boots. I have had them / have been having them since I was about sixteen.
i)“ How long have you worn / have you been wearing glasses?“ – „Since / for two weeks.“
j) „Have you ever / never been in Scotland?“ – „No, never.“
g) I’ve ironed / I’ve been ironing shirts since ten o’clock. I’ve ironed / I’ve been ironing eight shirts.
h) I’ve swum / I’ve been swimming. That’s why my hair is wet.
i) Oh! I’ve cut / I’ve been cutting my finger!
Okruh č. 3
Will, shall, Present tenses for the future
a) „What would you like?“ – „I’ll have / I am going to have an orange juice, please.
b) „Shall I / Will I pack up your shopping for you?“ – „Oh, thank you.“
c) „Have you got a ticket for the play?“ – „Yes, I’ll see / I’m going to see it on Thursday.“
d) I think it will be / it’s going to be warm tomorrow.
e) „We’ve lost a tennis ball.“ – „I’ll help / I’m going to help you look for it.“
f) „Do you have any plans for this afternoon?“ – „Yes, I’ll look / I’m going to look round the museum.“
g) „What time does the train leave / will the train leave tomorrow?“
h) I’ll go / I’m going to the cinema with Vicky and Rachel and a couple of other people.
i) Look out! We will / we’re going to crash!
4. Verb + to, Verb + ing, Verb + object + to / ing
skupina sloves pojící se s „to“ + infinitiv
expect to (očekávat), agree to (souhlasit), hope to (doufat), want to (chtít), decide to (rozhodnout se), manage to (dokázat; podařit se), promise to (slíbit), would like to (chtěl bych)
skupina sloves pojící se s „ing“ tvarem
like (mít rád, líbit se), love (zbožňovat), finish (skončit), stop (přestat), avoid (vyhnout se, vyvarovat se), dislike (nemít rád), enjoy (bavit, užít si)
zvláštní slovesa:
make – pouze sloveso : She made me tell the true. Přinutila mě řícti pravdu.
look forward: to + ing: We are looking forward to going on holiday.
Věty:
a) We decided to spend / spending our holidays on a Greek island.
b) I really dislike to sit / sitting on the beach all day.
c) Matthew, you promised to go / going to Scotland with me.
d) They haven’t finished to repair / repairing it yet.
e) I don’t want to wait / waiting for him.
f) I enjoy to watch / watching football on TV.
g) I expect to get / getting my money back.
h) Sarah agreed to work / working late at the office.
i) I always try to avoid to argue / arguing with people.
j) We’re looking forward to meet / to meeting you again.
k) Girls, stop to scream / screaming!
l) Don’t make me to do / do this!
m) Tom wants Liverpool to win / winning.
n) I’d like you to come / coming here.
o) I expect the goods to arrive / arriving on time.
Okruh č. 5
Countable x Uncountable Nouns. Singular and Plural
U počitatelných (countable) se používá neurčitý člen (an apple, a car), a tvoří i množné číslo: apples, cars (neurčitý člen v množném čísle mizí). Pokud chceme říci „hodně“, můžeme říct „many“ nebo „a lot of“. (apples, cars, people, chairs, houses, shops, girls etc.).
U nepočitatelných jmen (uncountable) místo neurčitého členu používáme „some“ nebo „any“ (nebo před podstatným jménem nemusí být nic.) Množné číslo netvoří vůbec. Pokud chceme říct „hodně“, použijeme „much“ nebo taktéž „a lot of“. (= „a lot of se používá u počitatelných i nepočitatelných). (milk, meat, cheese, salt, lemonade, coke, love, hate, fun).
Množné a jednotné číslo: tato podstatná jména vystupují vždy v množném čísle: clothes, goods (zboží), outskirts (předměstí), police (policie)
Tato podstatná jména vystupují v jednotném čísle: the news (zprávy, novinky, i 1 zpráva), economics (ekonomika), mathematics / maths, physics, politics, gymnastics
Věty:
a) I haven’t got as many / much books as you.
b) I haven’t got much money / moneys.
c) That can’t be many / much fun.
d) I’d like to get job / a job.
e) Oh, you’ve got new computer / a new computer!
f) I can earn a / some money.
g) How much / many milk would you like into your coffee?
h) Tom told some joke / some jokes.
i) Would you like a / some butter?
j) I’ve got problem / a problem with the car.
k) There are not much / many eggs in the fridge.
l) The police is / are looking for a murder.
m) Economics is / are my favourite subject.
n) The news was / were depressing.
o) Politics is / are not my hobby.
p) These clothes is / are not very fashionable.
