GRAMATICKE OKRUHY 6 - 10
Okruh č. 6
Adjectives and Adverbs
Formy přídavných jmen:
-ing: The book is boring. – říkáme, co kniha „dělá“ nám, jak na nás působí. Ta kniha je nudná. Můžeme dále např. říct, že něco je „relaxing“, „confusing“ (matoucí), „surprising“ (překvapivé) – je to účinek nějaké věci, která na nás působí.
- ed: I was bored. – sdělujeme svůj stav. Byl jsem znuděný. Stejně tak můžeme být „relaxed“ (uvolněný, relaxovaný), „confused“ (zmatený), „surprised“ (překvapený). Ta zpráva byla překvapivá - „surprising“, a já jsem z ní byl překvapený – „surprised“. )
Přídavná jména a příslovce:
- příklady:
- nice – nicely (milý, mile), true – truly (opravdový – opravdu), easy – easily (jednoduchý – jednoduše), lucky – luckily, angry – angrily, happy – happily, heavy – heavily, comfortable – comfortably, possible – possibly, dramatic – dramatically, scientific – scientifically)
- některá přídavná jména a příslovce mají stejný tvar: hard – těžký i těžce; fast – rychlý i rychle; straight – rovný i rovně; early – časný i brzo
Pozor na rozdíly ve významu u těchto příslovcí:
hard – tvrdě, těžce; hardly – sotva, stěží; near – blízko; nearly – málem, téměř, skoro; late – pozdě; lately – poslední dobou; high – vysoko; highly – vysoce, velmi
I tried hard, but I didn’t succeed. – Snažil jsem se, ale neuspěl jsem.
I’ve got hardly any money left. – Nemám skoro žádné peníze.
Rachel arrived late. Přijela pozdě. I’ve been very busy lately. Poslední dobou jsem zaneprázdněný.
I found a phone box quite near. Našel jsem telefonní budku docela blízko.
I nearly fell asleep in the meeting. Málem jsem na té schůzi usnul.
The plane flew high above the clouds. – Letadlo letělo vysoko nad mraky.
The material is highly radioactive. – Ten materiál je vysoce radioaktivní.
a) The two-hour delay was annoying / annoyed.
b) The passengers were annoying / annoyed about the delay.
c) I went to the party, but I felt boring / bored.
d) This weather makes me so depressing / depressed.
e) It was very disappointing / disappointed not to get the job.
f) I think the way Jessica behaved was quite shocking / shocked.
g) I went to bed late / lately and I was sleeping bad / badly.
h) You’ve been looking a bit pale late / lately.
i) The train went quite fast / fastly.
j) I tried hard / hardly to keep calm, but I was very scared.
k) We wanted to climb the mountain, but it was very high / highly.
l) It was very risky, he near / nearly killed us!
m) I was walking out of the garden when sudden / suddenly I saw a man.
n) The machine switches itself off automatic / automatically.
o) We won the game. It was an easy / easily win.
Okruh č. 7
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
a) Mary is ................. person I know. kinder / the kindest
b) A motorbike isn’t ........... a car. as expensive as / so expensive than
c) They’re ..................... team in the world. the famousest / the most famous
d) They play the ......... football. the attractivest / the most attractive
e) Our new car is smaller, so it uses .... petrol. smaller / less
f) He wants to spend .... on motoring. fewer / less
g) We had .......... room in the hotel! the best / the worse
h) Of all the students, Andrew does .... work. the more / the most
i) The prices are ..... here. lower / more low
j) It’s the ...... stadium in Europe. modernest / most modern
k) I fell ........ than before. good / better
l) You needn’t go yet. You can stay a bit.... longer / longest
Okruh č.8
VERB + PREPOSITION
a) I agree with / on you.
b) Tom’s neighbours apologized at / for the noise.
c) Everyone laughed for / at the joke.
d) I was listening to / on the radio.
e) The song has just been at / on the radio!
f) It will depend on / at the weather.
g) The dog belongs to / for our neighbour.
h) I’m looking at / on these photos.
i) I’m looking at / after the children while their parents are out.
j) Have you applied for / on the job?
k) The US consists of / from fifty states.
l) I’m waiting for / on you.
m) Did you pay for / behind the coffee?
n) I’d like to meet with / --- her.
o) Are you going to call to / --- him?
p) We discussed about / ----- the problem.
Okruh č. 9:
PHRASAL VERBS
make up – vymyslet si; find out – objevit; turn up – objevit se; take off – svléknout si, sundat; write down – zapsat si; let out – pustit (např. psa), wash up – umýt nádobí; go off – explodovat, vybouchnout; začít zvonit; spustit (alarm); hurry up – pospíchat; break down- porouchat se, put on – obléknout si; speak up – mluvit nahlas; work out – pochopit; get on with – vycházet s někým; get through – spojit se, dovolat se (telefonem), call on someone – navštívit někoho, come across – natrefit na; náhodou objevit, look after – starat se o
1. All of us believed him, but we didn´t know his story was made ..............
2. Put ............ a warm sweater, it is cold outside!
3. I am sorry I am late. My car broke ................
4. Hurry .................., the train leaves in five minutes!
5. I get ................ well with my parents. They´re like my friends.
6. When I am in Cardiff, I will call ................ you.
7. It was a big surprise when I finally found ..................... she was my neighbour!
8. Wash .................... ! All the dishes are dirty.
9. I can´t work .................. how they managed to get the money.
10. The alarm went ........................ when we entered the building.
11. I will have to look ................. my sister´s cat when she is on holiday.
12. You must speak ...........! I can´t hear a single word!
13. Who let the dog ....?!
Okruh č. 10
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
1. I´ll see you in / on Friday.
2. Jazz became popular in the United States in / on the 1920s.
3. I´m afraid she is not here at / in the moment.
4. We usually have a holiday in / on the summer.
5. Hurry up! We´ve got to go in / behind twenty minutes!
6. I hope the weather will be nice in / at the weekend.
7. The price of electricity is going up in / at September.
8. We arrived at / in five o´clock.
9. I might be not at home on / in Friday morning.
10. I´ll probably be there in / on the afternoon.
11. I don´t like going out at / in night.
12. I´ll see you -- / on next Friday.
13. Do you give each other presents at / on Christmas?
14. Be on / at time. Don´t be late!
15. I´m going away at / on the end of January.
16. They´re getting married in / at six months´time.
17. Let´s meet at / on lunchtime!
18. She´ll be here at / in a moment.
